PC: National Endowment for the Humanities

Before smartphones, spreadsheets or even the written alphabet as we know them, the Inca managed information in a way that still seems surprisingly advanced. Their system, known as Quipu, used knotted cords and color-coded wires to store records across a vast empire. For a long time it was believed that it was primarily numerical. Most recently, the research was accepted in February 2026, although it makes some broad suggestions. Some scientists reportedly view the quipu not simply as a counting device, but as a structured way of organizing and processing information. Almost like a primitive computing system. That idea has generated debate, curiosity, and even a little skepticism. Still, the possibility alone is interesting. Civilization without written script. Yet managing complex administrative data across different sectors.

What is the structure behind Quipu knots and Inca records?

For years, scholars such as Marcia Asher and Robert Asher argued that the Quipu knots likely represented a decimal-based numerical system. Each knot, each position, holds meaning in a structured way. Other researchers, including Sabine Hyland, have suggested that quipus may also encode linguistic elements. Symbols that can represent sounds or concepts. About 95 potential markers have been proposed in some studies. These characteristics appear to have meaning beyond simple counting. The structure seems layered, almost modular. This is not unlike how modern systems organize data into categories and subcategories.Single nodes alone do not explain the whole picture. It seems that the system depends on the relationships between the elements. That complexity is where things start to look less like ledgers and more like information structures.

what does a quipu look like tree-like data structures used in computer science

A different perspective came from computer scientist Richard Doselman, who looked at quipu through the lens of data structures. With colleagues Edward Doolittle and Vatika Tayal, he reportedly saw the system not as something to decode, but to model. His idea was simple in concept. Quipu cords branch from a main cord. That hierarchy mirrors the tree-like data systems used in computing today. Researchers translated these properties into programming logic using languages ​​such as C++ and Python. He also created a file format designed based on Quipu principles.

Quipu-Based Prototypes and How They Work in Simple Words

The team reportedly created working prototypes based on Quipu logic. A spreadsheet model. Even an image representation tool. These were not historical reproductions, but rather modern applications inspired by the structure. Hierarchies allow data to be added without reorganizing everything. Organization also scales in a linear manner, making it suitable for layered datasets such as census records or inventories.

Hidden layers of meaning and possible encryption

One of the more unusual aspects of the quipu is how flexible its structure appears to be. According to the researchers, scrambling the arrangement of cords at different levels could act as a form of data security. Encryption is not added on top, but is built-in within the structure itself. This is quite different from modern systems, where encryption is usually implemented separately. Here, mechanisms to obfuscate it are already in place in the organization of the data.The Incas were probably not designing cryptographic systems. Yet the qualities of his method seem to permit it.

Why is the Quipu considered an early information system rather than a true computer?

It may seem a bit strange to call a quipu a “computer”. No electricity, no processor, no binary code in the modern sense. Still, the comparison is not entirely unfair. What the Inca developed was a structured, scalable, and adaptable method of information storage and management. One that supported hierarchy, grouping and summarization. Features that lie at the core of many computing systems today.Experts say it may be more accurate to view the quipu as an early information technology rather than a literal computer. A system designed for organization rather than mere calculation.

उत्तर प्रदेश समाचार: उत्तर प्रदेश पुलिस ने बड़ा फैसला लेते हुए 31 गंभीर मामलों में सीधे एफआईआर दर्ज करने पर रोक लगा दी है. अब इन मामलों में पीड़ितों को पहले मजिस्ट्रेट कोर्ट में शिकायत दर्ज करानी होगी. इस फैसले के पीछे इलाहाबाद हाई कोर्ट की हालिया टिप्पणी को मुख्य वजह माना जा रहा है. इसके बाद डीजीपी राजीव कृष्ण ने सभी पुलिस अधिकारियों को सख्त निर्देश जारी किये हैं.

किन मामलों में लागू होगा नया नियम
इस नए आदेश के तहत पुलिस अब दहेज उत्पीड़न, घरेलू हिंसा, चेक बाउंस, भ्रूण हत्या, पशु क्रूरता, पर्यावरण प्रदूषण, बाल श्रम, उपभोक्ता धोखाधड़ी और खाद्य मिलावट जैसे मामलों में सीधे एफआईआर दर्ज नहीं करेगी। इन मामलों में पहले कोर्ट में शिकायत दर्ज करानी होगी, जिसके बाद आगे की प्रक्रिया शुरू होगी.

डीजीपी का सख्त निर्देश
डीजीपी राजीव कृष्ण ने सभी थाना प्रभारियों और जांच अधिकारियों को स्पष्ट निर्देश दिया है कि एफआईआर दर्ज करने से पहले यह सुनिश्चित कर लें कि मामला पुलिस के अधिकार क्षेत्र में आता है या नहीं. उन्होंने चेतावनी दी है कि नियमों का उल्लंघन करने पर संबंधित पुलिसकर्मियों के खिलाफ विभागीय कार्रवाई की जायेगी.

हाईकोर्ट की सख्ती के बाद लिया गया फैसला
हाई कोर्ट की सख्त टिप्पणी के बाद यह फैसला लिया गया है. कोर्ट ने कहा था कि कई बार पुलिस गलत तरीके से एफआईआर दर्ज कर लेती है, जिससे आरोपियों को फायदा होता है और पीड़ित को न्याय मिलने में बाधा आती है. इस पर कोर्ट ने नाराजगी जताई थी.

दहेज के मामले में क्या है कानून?
दहेज निषेध अधिनियम 1961 के तहत दहेज लेने या देने पर 5 साल तक की कैद और 15,000 रुपये तक का जुर्माना हो सकता है। दहेज के लिए उत्पीड़न या मारपीट करने पर बीएनएस की धारा 498ए के तहत 3 साल तक की सजा का प्रावधान है।

यह कदम क्यों जरूरी माना जा रहा है?
पुलिस सूत्रों के मुताबिक झूठी और बेबुनियाद शिकायतों को रोकने और न्यायिक प्रक्रिया को मजबूत करने के लिए यह फैसला लिया गया है. अब पीड़ितों को सीधे कोर्ट जाना होगा, जहां शुरुआती जांच के बाद ही मामला आगे बढ़ेगा. हालांकि, संज्ञेय अपराधों में एफआईआर दर्ज करने की प्रक्रिया पहले की तरह जारी रहेगी.

Lucknow: A full-scale emergency was declared at Lucknow’s Chaudhary Charan Singh International Airport (CCSIA) on Monday evening after a May Day alert was issued following suspicious smoke inside the plane on an Air India Express flight from Bagdogra to Delhi.The flight, IX 1523, was flying 36,000 feet above the Ghaghra river in Ambedkar Nagar district at around 4.58 pm when the pilots claimed they detected smoke emanating from the aircraft’s avionic panel in the cabin and immediately informed air traffic control.“As a precautionary measure, the crew declared a May Day, triggering the deployment of oxygen masks and causing panic among a section of passengers,” a source familiar with the incident said.Several passengers later said that the sudden drop of oxygen masks along with the May Day announcement caused fear and confusion inside the plane. Some passengers reported that concern spread quickly as cabin crew rushed to reassure passengers and calmly guide them on how to use masks while the plane prepared for diversion.Following the alert, the aircraft was diverted towards Lucknow and made a safe precautionary landing at CCSIA at 5.17 pm. Emergency response teams, including airport fire and medical services, were deployed in advance as part of standard protocol for such situations.All 148 passengers and crew were safely disembarked and taken to Terminal 3. Officials said no injuries were reported. A detailed inspection of the aircraft was conducted by the airport fire department and technical teams, but no visible signs of smoke or fire were found.Despite the absence of any immediate findings, the aircraft has been grounded as a safety measure and will return to service only after a comprehensive technical assessment and formal certification of airworthiness.The incident caused frustration among some passengers due to delays and uncertainty about onward travel. A traveler named Hemeron Michael shared a photo of this oxygen mask The posting on social media sought clarity on revised travel arrangements that led to delays of more than two hours.According to Lucknow International Airport Limited officials, the passengers were initially brought to Terminal 3. Many of them were accommodated on alternative flights to Delhi, while others were provided overnight hotel accommodation and assured priority booking on the next available flights.Airport officials reiterated that the emergency procedures adopted during the incident ensured passenger safety, noting that it is standard practice to divert aircraft and ground aircraft as a precautionary measure when potential technical problems are reported mid-flight.

मुजफ्फरनगर में महावीर जयंती का त्यौहार इस वर्ष अत्यंत भव्यता, अनुशासन और आध्यात्मिक उत्साह के साथ मनाया गया। देवाधिदेव विश्वप्रभु भगवान श्री 1008 महावीर स्वामी की 2626वीं जयंती पर नई मंडी चौरी गली स्थित जैन मंदिर से विशाल रथयात्रा निकाली गई, जिसमें श्रद्धालुओं की भारी भागीदारी देखी गई। यह जुलूस मुजफ्फरनगर के प्रमुख बाजारों और सड़कों से गुजरते हुए पूरे माहौल को धर्ममय बना दिया।

चैत्र शुक्ल त्रयोदशी सोमवार 30 मार्च 2026 को आयोजित इस ऐतिहासिक कार्यक्रम में मुख्य अतिथि के रूप में प्रदेश सरकार के मंत्री कपिलदेव अग्रवाल उपस्थित थे। उनके आगमन पर मंदिर समिति के पदाधिकारियों ने पटका पहनाकर एवं स्मृति चिन्ह भेंट कर उनका स्वागत किया।

भक्ति की धारा के बीच अलौकिक रथयात्रा निकली

नई मंडी जैन मंदिर से शुरू हुई रथ यात्रा चौरी गली, गौशाला रोड, बिंदल बाजार रोड, वकील रोड, संजय मार्ग, पटेल नगर, मुनीम कॉलोनी, घेरखट्टी, पीठ बाजार और पुरानी गुरु रोड सहित कई महत्वपूर्ण क्षेत्रों से होकर गुजरी और फिर से मंदिर परिसर में समाप्त हुई। यात्रा के दौरान श्रद्धालुओं ने पुष्प वर्षा कर भगवान महावीर का स्वागत किया और भक्ति गीतों की ध्वनि से पूरा शहर आध्यात्मिक ऊर्जा से भर गया.

रथ यात्रा में शामिल आकर्षक झाँकियों में भगवान महावीर के जीवन के विभिन्न प्रेरक प्रसंगों को जीवंत किया गया, जिससे उपस्थित लोगों को उनके आदर्शों और संदेशों को समझने का अवसर मिला।

कार्यक्रम में मंत्री कपिलदेव अग्रवाल ने सम्मानित किया

कार्यक्रम में मुख्य अतिथि के रूप में आये मंत्री कपिलदेव अग्रवाल का मंदिर समिति की ओर से पारंपरिक सम्मान किया गया. उन्होंने भगवान महावीर के सिद्धांतों को वर्तमान समाज के लिए बेहद प्रासंगिक बताते हुए कहा कि अहिंसा, करुणा और सत्य का मार्ग ही मानवता को स्थायी शांति प्रदान कर सकता है।

उन्होंने जैन समाज की सामाजिक एवं धार्मिक गतिविधियों की सराहना करते हुए कहा कि ऐसे आयोजनों से समाज में नैतिकता एवं सद्भावना मजबूत होती है।

शुरुआत पूजन, जलाभिषेक और शांतिधारा से हुई

सुबह महावीर पूजन, जलाभिषेक, शांतिधारा और प्रक्षाल के साथ भगवान महावीर जन्म महोत्सव की शुरुआत हुई। इसके बाद दैनिक पूजा की गई। टीकमगढ़ से आए विद्वान पंडित के निर्देशन में वर्धमान विधान का संगीतमय कार्यक्रम आयोजित किया गया, जिसने श्रद्धालुओं के मन को आध्यात्मिक ऊर्जा से भर दिया।

इस अवसर पर परम पूज्य आचार्य श्री भारत भूषण जी महाराज ने भगवान महावीर के जीवन दर्शन पर प्रकाश डालते हुए कहा कि आत्मा की शुद्धि से ही ईश्वर की प्राप्ति संभव है. उन्होंने अहिंसा और “जियो और जीने दो” के सिद्धांतों की विस्तृत व्याख्या की और समाज को नैतिक जीवन अपनाने का संदेश दिया।

शोभा यात्रा में तीन दिव्य रथ श्रद्धा का केंद्र बने

रथयात्रा में तीन विशेष रथों ने श्रद्धालुओं का ध्यान खींचा. प्रथम रथ में भगवान महावीर विराजमान थे, जिसमें रूपेंद्र जैन परिवार को यात्रा करने का सौभाग्य प्राप्त हुआ। कुबेर बनने का पुण्य सौरभ जैन सभाषद और चंद्रबोस जैन को मिला, जबकि सारथी बनने का सौभाग्य पवन जैन कुरालसी को मिला।

दूसरे रथ में जिनवाणी ले जाने का सौभाग्य सुनील जैन ठेकेदार परिवार को मिला। कुबेर बनने का पुण्य बैंक के पंकज जैन गोटे एवं अविरल जैन को तथा सारथी बनने का सौभाग्य अद्वितीय कमीशन एजेंट परिवार शिखर चंद जी को प्राप्त हुआ।

तीसरे रथ पर यंत्र जी ले जाने का सौभाग्य विपिन जैन परिवार को प्राप्त हुआ। कुबेर बनने का पुण्य यश जैन एवं आलोक जैन परिवार को तथा सारथी बनने का सौभाग्य श्री विजय जैन अरिहंत परिवार को प्राप्त हुआ।

बैंड-बाजे और झांकियों से भक्तिमय समागम हुआ।

दिल्ली, सहारनपुर, शामली, मेरठ और खतौली से आए बैंड-बाजों और संगीतकारों ने भक्ति धुनों से माहौल को आनंदमय बना दिया। जुलूस में शामिल सुंदर झांकियों में भगवान महावीर के जीवन की महत्वपूर्ण घटनाओं का चित्रण किया गया, जिसे देखकर श्रद्धालु भावविभोर हो गए।

रथ के आगे साधर्मी बंधुओं एवं स्कूली बच्चों द्वारा किये गये नृत्य एवं भक्ति कार्यक्रमों ने जुलूस को और अधिक आकर्षक बना दिया।

सामाजिक समरसता एवं सेवा भावना की अनूठी मिसाल

जुलूस मार्ग पर विभिन्न व्यापारिक संगठनों, सामाजिक संगठनों एवं श्रद्धालुओं द्वारा जलपान, आइसक्रीम, जलजीरा एवं पांच मेवे का वितरण किया गया। यह सेवा और सहयोग की भावना का सुन्दर उदाहरण था।

घोड़ा-गाड़ियों और पारंपरिक धार्मिक झांकियों ने जुलूस की भव्यता को और बढ़ा दिया। पूरा शहर अहिंसा और सद्भाव के संदेश से गूंज उठा।

धार्मिक अनुष्ठानों के साथ शोभा यात्रा का भव्य समापन हुआ

शोभा यात्रा खतौली के कुंदकुंद जैन इंटर कॉलेज के प्रांगण में पहुंची, जहां भगवान का विधिवत जलाभिषेक किया गया। इसके बाद भगवान को जैन मंडी स्थित पार्श्वनाथ मंदिर में विराजमान किया गया। कार्यक्रम के समापन पर श्रद्धालुओं के लिए स्वादिष्ट भोजन की भी व्यवस्था की गयी.

इस अवसर पर सुशील जैन, हंस कुमार जैन, सुनील जैन, प्रदीप जैन, बालेश्वर जैन, संजय जैन दादरी, अरुण जैन, नीरज जैन, मुकेश आढ़ती, कल्पेंद्र जैन, मनोज आढ़ती, वैभव जैन, संजीव जैन, पीयूष जैन, ऋषभ जैन, मुकुल जैन, अजय जैन, प्रीति जैन, बबीता जैन, दर्शिता जैन, स्वाति जैन, अलका जैन और मनीषा जैन सहित सैकड़ों श्रद्धालु मौजूद रहे।

आध्यात्मिक चेतना एवं सामाजिक एकता का प्रेरक पर्व

मुजफ्फरनगर, महावीर जयंती के अवसर पर आयोजित यह भव्य रथ यात्रा सिर्फ एक धार्मिक आयोजन नहीं थी, बल्कि समाज में अहिंसा, संयम, करुणा और सह-अस्तित्व के संदेश को मजबूत करने का एक प्रेरक अवसर भी बनी। श्रद्धालुओं ने भगवान महावीर के जीवन आदर्शों से प्रेरित होकर सामाजिक समरसता एवं नैतिक मूल्यों को अपनाने का संकल्प लिया, जिससे पूरा वातावरण आध्यात्मिक ऊर्जा एवं सकारात्मकता से सराबोर नजर आया.

The Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB) on Monday fined Naseem Shah 20 million Pakistani rupees for posting a tweet, which was a violation of his central contract.According to ESPNcricinfo, it was ‘the largest penalty in Pakistan cricket history’.The board said its disciplinary committee found Shah guilty of violating contractual terms and irresponsible behavior on social media. He was issued a show cause notice on March 27, soon after which Pakistan Punjab Chief Minister Maryam Nawaz attended the opening match of the Pakistan Super League (PSL) at the Gaddafi Stadium in Lahore.Before the match between Lahore Qalandars and Hyderabad Kingsmen, Maryam Nawaz was invited as the chief guest and was introduced to the officials and players of the eight franchises.Shah later posted on Twitter, “Why is she treated like a queen at Lord’s?” Regarding their presence at the venue. Soon after, he deleted the post and claimed that his account had been hacked.Following the PCB’s notice, Shah tendered an unconditional apology and appeared before a three-member disciplinary committee in Lahore on Monday.The PCB said Shah “was found to have violated various clauses of his central contract.”“It is noted that Naseem Shah’s social media advisor has already been dismissed by Naseem and he will be blacklisted by the PCB from associating with any player who comes under the jurisdiction of the PCB,” the board said.The development comes during a PSL season affected by broader regional issues. As a result of the conflict in Iran, spectators have not been allowed at matches, and the tournament has been reduced from six venues to two – Lahore and Karachi. Rising fuel prices have led the government to advise measures to limit travel and work from home.Last year, Pakistan all-rounder Aamir Jamal was fined $4,000 for displaying a slogan in support of former Prime Minister Imran Khan.Shah is currently playing for Rawalpindi Pindies and had 0 for 51 in their five-wicket loss to Peshawar Zalmi.The right-arm fast bowler has taken 152 wickets for Pakistan across all formats, which includes 20 Tests, 34 ODIs and 37 T20 Internationals.

John Cena has confirmed his return to WWE as the official host of WrestleMania 42 in Las Vegas. (Image via BCCL)

WWE legend john cena have officially confirmed their return WWE And announced on Monday that he will serve as the official host of WrestleMania 42 in Las Vegas. This sudden announcement marks Cena’s return to WWE programming after retiring from in-ring competition in 2025. WrestleMania 42 is scheduled to take place on April 18 and 19, 2026, at Allegiant Stadium in Las Vegas, and will be a two-night event featuring stars from WWE’s Raw and SmackDown brands. Cena revealed in his official statement that although he will not be competing in any matches, he will serve as the official host of the event and will be a part of the show in a special role. As WrestleMania is just a few weeks away, the legend took to his social media handle to announce his return to the Show of Shows, where he wrestled and won numerous titles as a wrestler, creating countless memories over the years.

Retired WWE legend John Cena set to host WrestleMania 42 in Las Vegas

WWE legend John Cena is stepping back to The Grandest Stage of Them All as host of WrestleMania 42, WWE reported on Monday. The greatest of all time took to social media to announce he was moving to Las Vegas. The 17-time World Champion, who retired from in-ring competition last December following a loss to Gunther on Saturday Night’s Main Event, returns to WWE for the first time since retirement. The Cenation leader made the official announcement on his Twitter/X account, saying, Since retirement, my “road” has looked a little different… but now I can officially say I’m headed to WrestleMania!!!! See you in Las Vegas!Previously, Cena was a part of WrestleMania 41, where he fought against Cody Rhodes and defeated the American Nightmare with the help of US rapper Travis Scott. Additionally, as a part of his retirement tour, Cena won several titles and important WWE events before bidding farewell to the ring.During his retirement tour, Cena performed against WWE legends such as Cody Rhodes, Randy Orton, CM Punk, Brock Lesnar, and Gunther, against whom he competed in his final WWE match, ending his illustrious career on December 13, 2025 in the main event of Saturday Night Live.Additionally, Cena won the Elimination Chamber last year against Cody Rhodes. This match became the talk of the town, as Cena became a ‘heel’ for the first time. His collaboration with Dwayne ‘The Rock’ Johnson helped him win Elimination Chamber.However, Cena later returned as a ‘baby face’ at the end of his retirement tour. The World Champion retired from in-ring competition last December following a loss to Gunther in Saturday Night’s Main Event and will make his first WWE appearance since retirement this year, in 2026, at WrestleMania 42.With Cena now officially a part of WrestleMania 42, fans can expect a major appearance from the WWE legend at The Grandest Stage of Them All in Las Vegas.

राज्य के मदरसों को शैक्षणिक सत्र 2026-27 से धार्मिक शिक्षा के लिए नए सिरे से मान्यता लेनी होगी। उन्हें राज्य अल्पसंख्यक शिक्षा प्राधिकरण द्वारा मान्यता दी जाएगी। मान्यता इस शर्त पर मिलेगी कि मदरसों को धार्मिक शिक्षा के लिए प्राधिकरण द्वारा तैयार पाठ्यक्रम पढ़ाना होगा।

The US Marine who lost both his legs in Afghanistan now catches pedophiles from his computer through his ‘geek’ team of digital forensics experts.

Justin Gartner, a native of Pasco County, Florida, joined the US Marine Corps straight out of high school and was deployed to Afghanistan. In 2010, he was seriously injured by an improvised explosive device, losing both his legs. But this did not stop him from fighting on the front lines. He is now a computer forensics analyst with Homeland Security Investigations and tracks technical evidence, social media histories, of convicts in child abuse cases. Sitting in front of a computer screen, Gartner examines hard drives, phones and other digital devices, searching for evidence linked to cases involving child abuse, human trafficking and other crimes.“We’ve arrested a police officer. We’ve arrested firefighters. We’ve arrested mayors. We’ve arrested people who are trusted by the public,” he said. “For example, I was literally on the scene, I got photos and video, while the kids were right there in the living room,” Gartner said.

geek squad

Gartner calls his team the Geek Squad. “We’ve arrested a police officer. We’ve arrested firefighters. We’ve arrested mayors. We’ve arrested people who are trusted by the public,” he said. Recently, they settled a case against an Oldsmar man who was accused of abusing dozens of children, including his own. “For example, I was literally on the scene, I got photos and video, while the kids were right there in the living room,” Gartner said.“I say the Marines made me a man,” he said. “But really, this – working for Homeland Security Investigations – is where I was supposed to be.”

mentally tougher

Gartner said his current role is more mentally demanding and more demanding because all his days are spent reviewing disturbing material. “It’s mentally tougher and more bearable,” Gartner said. “That’s why they included war-wounded veterans, because we have a certain mentality.”Gartner said that in this digital age, nothing is ever truly deleted. “And if so, we will eventually find it.”