India in its presentation promised to achieve 60% cumulative installed capacity of its electric power from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2035 “with the help of transfer of technology and low-cost international finance”; reducing emissions intensity (emissions per unit of GDP) by 47% from 2005 levels by 2035; and create carbon sinks equivalent to 3.5 to 4.0 billion tonnes of CO₂ through forest and tree cover by 2035 on 2005 stocks.Apart from these three quantitative targets, India in its presentation on April 24 made five other points which include efforts to mobilize new and additional finance domestically and from developed countries to implement adaptation and mitigation actions; Promote a healthy and sustainable way of living; Capacity building; Align with the vision of ‘Vikit Bharat’ (Developed India) by 2047; and better adaptation to climate change by increasing investment in development programs in sectors vulnerable to climate change, especially agriculture, water resources, Himalayan region, coastal areas, health and disaster management.Marking the conditions in meeting climate commitments, India in its submission said, “A significant part of the NDCs of developing countries is dependent on the availability of adequate means of implementation, especially finance, technology transfer and capacity building.“Without adequate funding, technology cooperation and capacity building, these conditional commitments cannot be met, resulting in an ambition gap that undermines the collective objectives of the Paris Agreement.”India also clarified in its document that the country’s NDC does not commit to any specific emissions reduction obligations for individual sectors, including agriculture. “The objective is to reduce the overall emissions intensity of our economy by promoting the deployment of clean energy and increasing energy efficiency, as well as protecting vulnerable sectors and communities,” it said.India reminded rich countries of their obligations, saying under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its Paris Agreement, developed countries are obliged to provide finance, technology and capacity building assistance to tackle climate change.“In return, India will need a fair share of these resources and support to pursue its climate goals. Effective implementation of India’s NDCs depends on the provision of additional support such as financial resources, technology transfer and capacity building by developed countries in accordance with the UNFCCC and its Paris Agreement,” the document said.Countries’ NDCs are non-binding, voluntary climate action commitments that are submitted every five years to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change. India presented its first NDC in 2015 for the target year 2030 which was later updated to 2022.Both times India had flagged the necessary conditions to the UN body by reminding it of the promise of developed countries to support developing countries, including India, to implement their climate action goals. However, the country has fulfilled some of its commitments and is on track to meet the remaining commitments from domestic finance.As of 28 February, India’s non-fossil fuel based electricity installed capacity was over 52.5% of total installed capacity, while the emissions intensity of its GDP declined by 36% between 2005 and 2020.“India is on track to create an additional carbon sink equivalent to 2.5 to 3.0 billion tonnes of CO2 through forest and tree cover by 2030. During 2005 to 2021, an additional carbon sink of 2.29 billion tonnes of CO2 equivalent has been created,” India said in its submission.Outlining the country’s priority, the document says, “India aims to meet its ambitious targets of universal access to services such as water, sanitation, waste management, affordable housing, electricity in line with the short and medium horizon targets set by the government’s current initiatives, including the fulfillment of the Sustainable Development Goals.”